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sativa chromosomes to subgenomes showed that gene order is conserved in the proximal chromosomal regions. Phylogenomic analyses (Supplementary Fig. We also assembled pseudochromosomes of the diploid Avena longiglumis and tetraploid Avena insularis, which are presumed A and CD subgenome progenitors of Avena sativa 12 (Extended Data Figs. 11 version 2 Supplementary Table 2) verified the integrity of the assembly (Extended Data Fig. 2a) and their comparison with the independent assembly (long-read) of hexaploid oat OT3098 (ref. 1) and the consensus genetic map 10 (Supplementary Fig. Inspection of Hi-C contact matrices (Supplementary Fig. 2a), following the short-read strategy used for wheat 7, barley 8 and rye 9. 1a and Supplementary Table 1), with a BUSCO (v5.1.2 ref.

‘Sang’ comprising 21 pseudochromosomes (Fig. We produced a chromosome-scale reference sequence of oat cv. This resource for the Avena genus will help to leverage knowledge from other cereal genomes, improve understanding of basic oat biology and accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and reanalysis of quantitative trait studies. We showcase detailed analyses of gene families implicated in human health and nutrition, which adds to the evidence supporting oat safety in gluten-free diets, and we perform mapping-by-sequencing of an agronomic trait related to water-use efficiency. We reveal the mosaic structure of the oat genome, trace large-scale genomic reorganizations in the polyploidization history of oat and illustrate a breeding barrier associated with the genome architecture of oat. sativa and close relatives of its diploid ( Avena longiglumis, AA, 2 n = 14) and tetraploid ( Avena insularis, CCDD, 2 n = 4 x = 28) progenitors. Here we present a high-quality reference genome of A. However, the lack of a fully annotated reference genome has hampered efforts to deconvolute its complex evolutionary history and functional gene dynamics. Oat has a low carbon footprint, substantial health benefits and the potential to replace animal-based food products. Nature volume 606, pages 113–119 ( 2022) Cite this articleĬultivated oat ( Avena sativa L.) is an allohexaploid (AACCDD, 2 n = 6 x = 42) thought to have been domesticated more than 3,000 years ago while growing as a weed in wheat, emmer and barley fields in Anatolia 1, 2. The mosaic oat genome gives insights into a uniquely healthy cereal crop